A mitochondria-derived peptide that protects neurons and correlates with longevity in centenarians.
Humanin is a 21-amino acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome — specifically in the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Like MOTS-c, it is a mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP). Humanin was originally discovered in 2001 by Nishimoto et al. when screening cDNA libraries from Alzheimer's patient brains for factors that protect neurons from death.
Humanin acts through several cell surface receptors including the tripartite receptor (gp130, CNTF receptor alpha, and WSX-1) and FPRL1, activating pro-survival signaling pathways (JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT). It protects cells from apoptosis (programmed death) triggered by Alzheimer-related proteins (amyloid beta, mutant presenilin), oxidative stress, and various toxins.
A key longevity observation: centenarians (people living past 100) and their offspring have significantly higher blood levels of humanin than age-matched controls. Humanin levels decline with age and metabolic disease. This correlation makes it one of the stronger biological candidates linking mitochondrial peptides to human longevity.
Animal studies demonstrate humanin protects against Alzheimer's-like pathology, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and age-related cognitive decline. In rodent models, humanin administration improved memory, reduced amyloid burden, and improved metabolic parameters. A more potent variant, Humanin-G (HNG, with serine-to-glycine substitution), shows ~1000x greater potency.
Human observational studies show inverse correlation between humanin levels and metabolic disease, cardiovascular risk, and cognitive decline. Interventional human trials are very limited — this remains primarily a research area with compelling epidemiological and preclinical support.
📚 Key Reference: PMID: 11242048 (Humanin discovery), PMID: 23563705 (centenarian correlation)
Very limited human clinical data. Preclinical safety appears favorable. As a naturally occurring human peptide, allergic reactions would be unexpected. Quality of source and long-term effects unknown. Consult your provider.
NOT FDA-approved. Research use only. Available through specialized compounding pharmacies. Early-stage research — not yet in clinical trials for specific indications.